勤奋的考研人，感谢你的点击! 无论你的关注重点是考研历年试题，还是考研政治历年试题，又或是考研英语答案解析，你都将在这里找到想要的干货内容。小编为大家整理了“考研英语历年试题——2020年考研试题及答案解析”的相关信息，快来了解一下吧!2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1.[A] Besides [B] Therefore [C] Otherwise [D] However 2.[A] helps [B] cares [C] warns [D] reduces 3.[A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4.[A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C] review [D] reach 6.[A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7.[A] due to [B] regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8.[A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9.[A] claims [B] judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10.[A] instead [B] though [C] again [D] indeed 11.[A] track [B] overlook [C] conceal [D] report 12.[A] depend on [B] approve of [C] hold onto [D] account for 13.[A] share [B] adjust [C] confirm [D] prepare 14.[A] results [B] features [C] rules [D] tests 15.[A] bored [B] anxious [C] hungry [D] sick 16.[A] principle [B] secret [C] belief [D] sign 17.[A] request [B] necessity [C] decision [D] wish 18.[A] disappointing [B] surprising [C] restricting [D] consuming 19.[A] if [B] because [C] unless [D] until 20.[A] obsessing [B] dominating [C] puzzling [D] triumphing Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation. “That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.” 21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help . [A] regulate a child’s basic emotions [B] improve a child’s intellectual ability [C] foster a child’s moral development [D] intensify a child’s positive feelings 22. According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be . [A] deceptive [B] burdensome [C] addictive [D] inexcusable 23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that . [A] emotions are context-independent [B] emotions are socially constructive [C] emotional stability can benefit health [D] an emotion can play opposing roles 24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing . [A] may help correct emotional deficiencies [B] can result from either sympathy or guilt [C] can bring about emotional satisfaction [D] may be the outcome of impulsive acts 25. The word “transgressions” (Para.5) is closest in meaning to . [A] teachings [B] discussions [C] restrictions [D] wrongdoings
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details. The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres. California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought. The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model. 26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that . [A] global climate change may get out of control [B] people may misunderstand global warming [C] extreme weather conditions may arise [D] forests may become a potential threat 27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to . [A] preserve the diversity of species in them [B] accelerate the growth of young trees [C] strike a balance among different plants [D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity 28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to . [A] cultivate more drought-resistant trees [B] reduce the density of some of its forests [C] find more effective ways to kill insects [D] restore its forests quickly after wildfires 29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5? [A] To handle the areas in serious danger first. [B] To carry it out before the year of 2020. [C] To perfect the emissions-permit auctions. [D] To obtain enough financial support. 30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as . [A] ambiguous [B] tolerant [C] supportive [D] cautious ...... Part B Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 
2020年考研英语（二）真题解析
1.【答案】DSection I Use of English 【解析】】浏览全文可知，本文围绕“如何成为好父母”这一主题展开。文章首句提出，每位父母都想成为好父母。空格所在句以but开头，句意上出现了转折：但毫无疑问，给“好父母”下定义非常 。D项tricky（难办的，棘手的）符合句中的逻辑关系，故为答案。B项pleasant（令人愉快的，舒适的）、A项tedious（令人生厌的，冗长沉闷的）和C项instructive（有益的，有教育意义的）均不合句意。 2.【答案】B 【解析】前面提到“不同的孩子对于同样的教养方式反应不同”，空格所在句为例证，表示“ ，换一种教养方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比更年幼的孩子反应要好些”。浏览四个选项,只有B项for example（比如）表示举例，符合上下文的逻辑关系，故为答案。A项in addition（另外）、C项at once（立刻）和D项by accident（偶然地）都不符合句中的逻辑关系。 3.【答案】A 【解析】本题在第二段的首句，因此我们要结合这一句以及第一段的内容来确定填哪个词。“有一种很容易（描述）的父母”，这里表明和第一段不一样的内容，结合选项，A可以体现一种隐性转折，为正确答案。 4.【答案】C 【解析】空格后有一个冒号，且出现的a patient parent（耐心的家长）是对another sort of parent 的解释说明。下文描述了耐心的养育能给孩子带来益处，带入各选项含义，只有C项describe（描述，形容）符合语义。故选C。A项amuse（逗乐；娱乐）、B项assist（协助，帮助）、D项train（培训；训练）三项均不符合上下文语义。 5.【答案】A 【解析】本段首句提到了另一种父母容易描述，那就是耐心的家长。空格所在句出现了Still（不过，但是），空格后的句子意思是“每个父母都想变得有耐心”，紧接着出现了no easy（不容易的），可知作者要表达转折含义，强调父母想变得有耐心并不容易。B项because（因为；由于）表示主从句之间的因果关系；C项unless（除非）表示一种否定条件；D项once（一旦），其引导的从句是主句的条件，以上三个选项均不符合，故选A。 6.【答案】B 【解析】空格所在句谈到“尽管每位父母都想耐心些，但要做到这一点却并非易 ”。B项task代入文中构成no easy task，表示“并非易事”，符合句意，故为答案。A项answer（答案）、C项choice（选择）和D项access（权利）均不符合句意。 7.【答案】A 【解析】本空所在句对前面一句进行解释，空格与and后的composed形成结构并列、语义一致的关系，“有时候父母会感到疲惫和沮丧，无法保持一种 和沉着的风格”，根据composed（冷静的）可知，A项为正确答案。B项formal（正式的）、C项rigid（严格的，死板的）和D项critical（重要的；批评的）均无法使句意通顺。 8.【答案】C 【解析】本题处于第三段的首句，和第二段是顺承关系。根据第二段的末句，这里还是在描述父母很难一直保持耐心和冷静，“作为普通人，有时候是孩子的作为使你在这条路上越行越远”，C为正确答案。A项move（移动；使感动）、B项drag（拖，拽）和D项send（派遣；使作出某种反应）均不符合句意。 9.【答案】D 【解析】本题所在句的then以及冒号是答题关键，既然前面一句是在说孩子的作为使得父母不能长期保持耐心和冷静，那么，接下来____的事情就发生了：你失去了耐心。结合选项，D项为正确答案。A项mysterious（神秘的）、B项illogical（不合逻辑的）和C项suspicious（可疑的）均无法使句意通顺。 10.【答案】C 【解析】本题在一个定语从句中，与and后的does nobody any good（对任何人没有好处）形成并列关系，用来描述父母在失去耐心的情况下所做的事情。结合选项，C项为正确答案。A项boring（无聊的）、B项naive（天真的）和D项vague（含糊的）均不符合句意。 11.【答案】A 【解析】空格前一句已经说明父母在生气时会大发雷霆，空格后出现了and，可知空格与start over（重新开始）含义相近；再根据the clock可以联想到是重新调整时钟，即turn back the clock（拨回钟表的指针），引申为让时间倒流，故A正确。B项take apart（拆开；抨击）不符合语境，C项set aside（搁置；存储）、D项cover up（遮盖；掩饰）均不适合与the clock搭配。 12.【答案】C 【解析】上文提到父母如何对孩子失去耐心，进而对孩子发脾气；空格所在句指出,即使这是很普遍的现象，但记住……很重要。由此可见，空格所在句表达的意思与上文形成转折，故C项However（然而）为答案。A项Overall（总的来说）有总结概括之意，B项Instead（相反）表明下文说的是一种相反的情况，D项Otherwise（否则，不然）表示的是一种假设关系，这三项均不符合上下文逻辑关系。 13.【答案】D 【解析】上一段和空格句都提到了家长也会说出一些（伤人的）话，空格所在从句用以补充说明这些话的影响。空格句后This指代上文的行为，do damage to your relationship with your child（伤害你和孩子的关系），说明这些（伤人的）话一定会给说话人带来消极的情绪。可知空格处所填的单词是消极含义的，故选D。A、C项为中性词，B项为积极含义，故排除。 14.【答案】B 【解析】此题的解题线索为“not only...but also...”这一表示并列关系的词组,说明 your child’s self-esteem与前面的do damage to your relationship在情感及语义上都要保持一致。故B项affect正确，代入文中表示“影响孩子的自尊”。A项raise（提升）、C项justify（对……作出解释，证明合理性）和D项reflect（显示，表达）均不符合句意。 15.【答案】D 【解析】根据本空所在的文意“如果你总是在孩子面前失去你的 ，那么你在不经意间为孩子塑造了一个缺乏情绪控制的形象”，D为正确答案，代入文中构成搭配lose your cool，意为“失去冷静，火冒三丈”。这里的lose your cool也与上文的lose your patience语义相近。B项bond（联系）、A项time（时间）和C项race（赛跑；种族）均不符合语义要求。 16.【答案】C 【解析】分析空格所在句子结构可知，the of modeling patience for the younger generation是A of B结构，空格处所填名词主要参照后面of结构对它的修饰作用，此处的of结构意为“给晚辈树立一个耐心的榜样”。结合后面一句提到的这会让孩子终身受益（help the mall throughout life）可知，给晚辈树立一个耐心的榜样是很重要的。C项importance（重要性）代入文中符合句意要求，故为答案。A项nature（天性，本能）、B项secret（秘密）和D项context（环境）均不符合句意。 17.【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句主干的意思为“事实上，保持和控制情绪的能力是一生中最重要的技能之一。”空格处的动词与压力有关，因此依次代入选项，A项cheated（被欺骗）、B项defeated（被击败）、C项confused（被迷惑）都不符合语义，故D项confronted（遇到，遭遇）正确。 18.【答案】B 【解析】根据本空所在的文意“当然，时刻保持耐心是极其 的，一个更实际的目标是去尝试”，浏览各选项并联系上下文语境，只有B项hard（困难的；艰难的）为正确答案。A项terrible（糟糕的）、C项strange（奇怪的）和D项wrong（错误的）均不符合上下文语义。 19.【答案】A 【解析】本段第一句指出对孩子们总是保持耐心是一件难事。空格所在句就说明了保持耐心的具体办法，空格所在句主干的含义是“在_____情况下，更实际的目标就是尽你所能保持冷静”，结合上文推测这样的情况一定是容易让人烦躁或不耐烦的，所以才需要保持冷静，排除，故A项trying（难应付的；折磨人的）正确。C项exciting（激动人心的）、B项changing（变化无常的）和D项surprising（令人惊讶的）均不符合此句的语境。 20.【答案】B 【解析】根据and，我们得知本空所填写的词表示的含义与and前的“你和你的孩子将会受益”语义一致，结合选项，emerge from表示“摆脱”，表示“从紧张的时刻中解脱出来”，而且在本句最后作者还用feeling better physically and emotionally（身心感觉都有改善）强调了家长和孩子相处时培养耐心的积极效果，所以有积极意义的B项为正确答案。A项与from搭配，意为“躲藏；躲避”，C项与from搭配，意为“撤销；逃避”，D项与from搭配意为“逃脱（惩罚）；避免（事故）”。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
21.【答案】BPart A Text 1 【解析】根据题干关键词定位至第一段的第二句，“圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的Laleh Quinn和她的同事们测试了老鼠是否能从机器人老鼠身上检测到社会信号。”结合选项，B为对应原文的正确描述。A选项答非所问，定位不对；C选项与D选项纯属无中生有。 22.【答案】C 【解析】根据题干关键词定位至第三段的最后一句，“这个社交机器人只是前后左右移动”，结合选项，C为原文的文意照抄。A选项无中生有，B选项针对的是原文中第四段的social robot rat的描述，答非所问；D选项是针对第二段中the social robot rat followed the living rats around的胡乱搭配。 23.【答案】A 【解析】题干关键词release对应第四段中最后一句话的free，属于常见的题干关键词和原文的同义替换。根据这一句话“奎恩说，这可能会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放了它，并希望机器人在它们被困时能回报并给予帮助”，可以确定选择A项。B项、C项、D选项无中生有，原文均为提及。 24.【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的人名很容易定位至第五段的最后一句话，“我们假设我们必须给它一个活动的头和尾，面部特征，并在上面放一个气味，使它闻起来像一只真正的老鼠，但那是不必要的”，选项A是原文的同义替换。B选项就定位句中的taste一词进行文意的胡乱拼凑；C选项就第五段的第二句进行语义的拼凑，更是答非所问；D选项就定位句中的facial features进行原文语义的编纂，故排除。 25.【答案】C 【解析】根据考研英语二的常见解题思路，24题在第五段中指出，最后一个题很可能在下面一段，也就是最后一段中。结合关键词rats，通过阅读最后一段的第一句话，“这项发现显示了老鼠对社会线索的敏感程度”，选项C是原文的同义替换。A项、B项无中生有；D选项就最后一段第二句的children和多次出现的social进行语义拼凑，不符合原文，更是答非所问。
Text 2
26.【答案】A【解析】根据题干contribute to“导致”，得知本题为因果细节题。定位到第二段中“The best model for ... growing rapidly”。该段中的“business opportunities are growing rapidly”与A项同义替换，为正确答案。B项、C项无中生有；D项张冠李戴，“business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly”是指“机会迅速增长”，并不是D项“企业数量增加”。 27.【答案】B 【解析】根据题干关键词predecessors以及today’s CEOs定位到文章第三段。该段第三句They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors（他们还需要有比他们的前任更强的公关技巧）。浏览选项，四个选项中均未提到“公关技巧”。继续往后看，由该段第四句“Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before...”可知，美国大型公司比以往任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多的国家。由此判断，CEO需要有能力operate more globalized companies，故答案为B项。 28.【答案】D 【解析】根据题干1970s回文定位到第四段。该段中提到“By most measures, … since the 1970s”，“自20世纪70年代以来，公司治理结构变得更加严密和严格”。Yet语义转折，说明CEO薪资一直居高不下，而且一直在上涨。由此可知D为正确答案。A、B项无中生有；C过度推理。 29.【答案】B 【解析】根据题干信息High CEO pay可定位到文章第五段。由该段可知，公司把CEO的薪酬与股票价格挂钩，这代表着公司的企业价值。可以推知CEO的高薪酬与增加企业价值密切相关，因此B项为正确答案。A项、C项无中生有；D项与原文相反。 30.【答案】C 【解析】根据题干信息，需要概括全文内容得出文章最佳标题。第一段提出现象：CEO薪水暴涨；第二段到最后一段分别从：CEO人才有限；CEO才能需求更大；企业更加严密、严格的管理以及企业价值，一共4个原因分析CEO薪水是合理的，并不是过高。因此C为正确答案。A、B、D过于片面。 Part B What is vividly depicted in the above pie chart indicates that there exists a striking difference in mobile-phone reading purposes among college students. The share of study accounts for 59.5% of the total. The percentages of killing time and searching information rank second and third, accounting for 21.3% and 17% respectively. There are a couple of reasons booming the trend. Firstly, mobile-phones’ convenience towards study does have something to do with the phenomenon. More and more cellphone applications are becoming available to students, which benefits their study time management and online learning. Also, this tendency can result from the curiosity in an era of information explosion. Students are extraordinarily eager to obtain buzzwords and novel concepts. Another equally vital element to be taken into consideration is that there is a direct link between the tide and killing time. More leisure time makes it become possible that students makes use of phones to relax themselves. Based on the above reasoning, I do reckon that this tide is indeed normal. From students’ perspective, we should balance the time between study and relaxation, and only in this way can college life become both meaningful and colorful. 历年试题及答案解析内容较多，由于篇幅限制，完整内容请关注【华图考研】微信公众号，回复【历年试题】获取。 (责任编辑：迟) |
