勤奋的考研人，感谢你的点击! 无论你的关注重点是考研历年试题，还是考研政治历年试题，又或是考研英语答案解析，你都将在这里找到想要的干货内容。小编为大家整理了“考研英语历年试题——2019年考研试题及答案解析”的相关信息，快来了解一下吧!2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1.[A] Besides [B] Therefore [C] Otherwise [D] However 2.[A] helps [B] cares [C] warns [D] reduces 3.[A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4.[A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C] review [D] reach 6.[A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7.[A] due to [B] regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8.[A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9.[A] claims [B] judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10.[A] instead [B] though [C] again [D] indeed 11.[A] track [B] overlook [C] conceal [D] report 12.[A] depend on [B] approve of [C] hold onto [D] account for 13.[A] share [B] adjust [C] confirm [D] prepare 14.[A] results [B] features [C] rules [D] tests 15.[A] bored [B] anxious [C] hungry [D] sick 16.[A] principle [B] secret [C] belief [D] sign 17.[A] request [B] necessity [C] decision [D] wish 18.[A] disappointing [B] surprising [C] restricting [D] consuming 19.[A] if [B] because [C] unless [D] until 20.[A] obsessing [B] dominating [C] puzzling [D] triumphing Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation. “That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.” 21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help . [A] regulate a child’s basic emotions [B] improve a child’s intellectual ability [C] foster a child’s moral development [D] intensify a child’s positive feelings 22. According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be . [A] deceptive [B] burdensome [C] addictive [D] inexcusable 23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that . [A] emotions are context-independent [B] emotions are socially constructive [C] emotional stability can benefit health [D] an emotion can play opposing roles 24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing . [A] may help correct emotional deficiencies [B] can result from either sympathy or guilt [C] can bring about emotional satisfaction [D] may be the outcome of impulsive acts 25. The word “transgressions” (Para.5) is closest in meaning to . [A] teachings [B] discussions [C] restrictions [D] wrongdoings
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details. The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres. California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought. The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model. 26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that . [A] global climate change may get out of control [B] people may misunderstand global warming [C] extreme weather conditions may arise [D] forests may become a potential threat 27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to . [A] preserve the diversity of species in them [B] accelerate the growth of young trees [C] strike a balance among different plants [D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity 28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to . [A] cultivate more drought-resistant trees [B] reduce the density of some of its forests [C] find more effective ways to kill insects [D] restore its forests quickly after wildfires 29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5? [A] To handle the areas in serious danger first. [B] To carry it out before the year of 2020. [C] To perfect the emissions-permit auctions. [D] To obtain enough financial support. 30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as . [A] ambiguous [B] tolerant [C] supportive [D] cautious ......
Part B
48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 
2019年考研英语（二）真题解析
1.【答案】D Section I Use of English 【解析】此处考查逻辑关系。首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是知晓是否有任何显著的体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：____，如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损害。前文wonderful way（好方法）与后文hurt（损害）形成转折关系，故填入D项however（然而）。A项Besides（此外）表递进；B项Therefore（因此）表因果，强调结果；C项Otherwise（否则，不然）相当于if not。这三项均与上下文逻辑不符。 2.【答案】A 【解析】此处考查反义复现。空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ____（这种习惯的坏处要比____多），应该是A项help（有帮助，有好处），与前文hurt（损害）形成反义复现，为正确选项。B项cares（关心）、C项warns（警告）和D项reduces（减少）均不是与hurt相对或相反的语义。 3.【答案】B 【解析】此处考查同义复现+词义辨析。空格所在句指出：至于我，每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康转移到____专注于体重秤。填入solely（仅仅）语义通顺。另外本句focusing solely on the scale中的solely（仅仅）与本段后文thinking only of ____ the number on the scale的only形成了同义复现。故正确答案为solely。A项initially（最初，起初）填入空格中语义颠倒；C项occasionally（偶然地，偶尔地）与句中的everyday语义相反；D项formally（正式地）明显与语境不符 4.【答案】B 【解析】此处考查词义辨析+反义复现。空格所在句指出：我曾经为增加肌肉含量而增重，但后来只考虑____体重的数量，我改变了我的训练方案。填入B项lowering（减少）语义通顺。另外，该句中间有but，说明前后为转接。lower与前文gain weight（增重）形成反义复现，因此为正确选项。A项recording（记录）、C项explaining（解释）和D项accepting（接受）均与语境不符。 5.【答案】D 【解析】此处考查成分搭配和语义理解。空格所在句指出：这与我需要训练以____目标的方式相冲突。此处填入reach（达到）与goal（目标）形成动宾搭配，且语义通顺，表达连贯。其他选项：set（设定），modify（修改）虽然可以与goal搭配，但文意不符；review（评论；温习）和goal不能形成搭配。故正确答案为D项reach。 6.【答案】B 【解析】此处考查词义辨析。分析空格处所在句的句意：我还发现，每天称体重并不能为我在健身房所做的努力以及取得的进步提供精确的____，空格处所需的名词需要使句子完整通顺。B选项depiction（描写，叙述）符合语义要求；C选项distribution（分布，分配）；D选项prediction（预言，预测）；A选项definition（定义）代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为B选项depiction。 7.【答案】A 【解析】此处考查短语辨析。空格所在句的句意：需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显著变化，_____改变了你的训练计划。空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成因果的逻辑关系，只有A选项due to（由于）符合要求；B选项regardless of（不管，不顾），C选项aside from（除……以外），D选项along with（与……一起，连同）代入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为A。 8.【答案】D 【解析】此处考查词义辨析。分析空格处所在句的句意：最____的改变将会体现在技能水平、力量和身高降低，空格处所需的形容词需要和后面的宾语change构成语义搭配，并且适合语境。D选项immediate（立即的，直接的）符合语义要求；B选项rigid（严格的），C选项precise（精确的），A选项orderly（有秩序的）代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为D。 9.【答案】C 【解析】此处考查固定搭配。for these reasons由于这些原因。空格所在句指出：由于这些原因（上文提到的原因），我停止每天称体重。只有C选项reasons（原因）符合要求；B选项judgments（判断），D选methods（方法，方式），A选项claims（要求，索赔）代入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为C。 10.【答案】A 【解析】此处考查词义辨析以及上下文语境分析。空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因，我停止每天称体重。后半句话句意：而转而改用一个月称两次体重。switched to转而…，与选项instead对应。A选项instead（代替，反而）符合语义要求；B选项though（虽然，尽管），C选项again（又，再一次），D选项indeed（的确，实在）代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为A。 11.【答案】A 【解析】空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal（因为减重不是我的目的），it is less important for me to ____my weight each week（对我来说，每周___我的体重不太重要）。空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的宾语my weight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配，除此之外，本文的主题是称重，因此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化，因此只有A选项track符合语义与主题要求。 12.【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me to observe and _____any significant weight changes（每隔一周称次体重使我能够观察及____任何明显的体重变化），空格处所填入的动词需和后面的宾语weight changes构成通顺的动宾搭配；同时，该动词还和observe构成并列关系，并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点（先观察到体重变化，再来了解或解释体重变化的原因），因此只有D选项account for（解释，了解）更恰当。 13.【答案】B 【解析】空格所在处提到：That tells me whether I need to ____my training program（那告诉我，我是否需要____我的训练项目）。空格处所填动词需要和后面的宾语training program 构成顺畅的动宾语义关系；除此之外，that指代上文中“观察并了解体重变化”，因此此处应该表明，观察并了解体重变化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目。因此B选项adjust符合要求。 14.【答案】A 【解析】空格处所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weigh-in____to get information about my nutrition as well（我根据一个月称重两次的___来获得关于我的营养方面的信息）。空格处所填名词需和bimonthly weigh-in构成顺畅的语义关系，空格处上文提到“一个月称重两次可以观察并了解任何明显的体重变化”，因此空格处应该表示“称重结果”，故A选项results为正确答案。 15.【答案】C 【解析】空格处提到：if…I am constantly____and dropping weight, this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake（如果……我持续___以及体重下降，那么这是一个标志，表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄入），根据条件状从和主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系，空格处填入hungry“饥饿”更符合语义要求。因此答案为C项。其余选项中，A项bored（无聊的）、B项anxious（焦虑的）与D项sick（生病的）都有一定的干扰性，但这些问题并不能通过后面提到的increase my daily caloric intake来解决。 16.【答案】D 【解析】空格之前的“this”指代前面if引导的条件状语从句“如果我运动量保持不变，但总是觉得饿并且体重下降”，空格后面that引导的定语从句“我需要增加每日卡路里的摄取”，根据前后语义，此空填sign“信号”最合理，因此答案为D项。其余选项中，A项principle（原则）、B项secret（秘密）与C项belief（信念）代入空格后，语义均不通。 17.【答案】C 【解析】空格后动词不定式结构“to stop weighing myself every day”作空格处名词的定语，“停止每天称体重这个_____”，根据语义，此处填decision“决定”最合理，因此答案为C项。A项request（请求）、B项necessity（必要，必须）与D项wish（愿望）均与上下文语义不符。 18.【答案】A 【解析】此空在of介词短语中，修饰名词burden“负担”，根据语义色彩，此处应该填贬义词，因此disappointing“令人失望的”最合理，因此答案为A项。B项surprising（令人惊奇的）、C项restricting（限制的，约束 的）与D项consuming（强烈的，令人着迷的）均与上下文语义不符。 19.【答案】B 【解析】根据选项特征看出本题考查句内逻辑关系，前半句话“I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals”，后半句“I’m training according to those goals, mot the numbers on scale.”，此处应为因果关系，所以正确选项为because。此外，本句话中的“also”表明与前一句话之间的关系，前一句话中的since也表示因果关系，因此答案为B项。C项unless（除非）与A项if（如果）均表示条件，C项until（直到……为止）表时间，这三项均不符合空格所在句的逻辑关系。 20.【答案】A 【解析】根据选项特征，此空填入动词的现在分词，其逻辑主语为句子主语you，宾语为the scale，通过上文可知，作者对于“the scale”一直持否定态度，因此，此空根据语义色彩排除B项dominating“统治”和D项triumphing“胜利”，而C项puzzling带入后表示“仔细琢磨，冥思苦想”，与上下文语义不符。因此选A项obsessing“使困扰”。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
21.【答案】C Part A Text 1 【解析】根据题干“researchers” “guilt” “a good thing”关键词定位到第一段最后一句，除此之外，题干中还有关键词“because”，判定该题属于细节题中考查因果逻辑关系的题目，需要在原文中精准回文定位；原文中第一段最后一句明确出现了“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt…a good thing.”根据代词向前文指代的原则，题干中所问的原因就在上一句，由“Children aren’t born knowing how to say ‘I’m sorry’, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends---and their own conscience”，其中的“such statements appease parents and friends---and their own conscience”（这类表述能够使父母、朋友和孩子自己都感觉更舒适），such statements指代的即为“say sorry”或文章主题词guilt，纵观四个选型，只有C选项“提高孩子的道德发展”可以实现同义替换，故为正确答案。 22.【答案】B 【解析】根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题。根据题干关键信息“paragraph 2”，“many people still consider guild to be”定位到第二段，最终锁定对本段第二句话的理解，尤其关键的是对第二句话中破折号的理解，“it is deeply uncomfortable---it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.”（这种感觉非常不舒服，就像穿着一件石头做的夹克一样），对比所给四个选项，只有B项“burdensome”（负担沉重的，繁重的）与原文表述一致，故为最佳答案。A项“deceptive”（欺骗的），C项“addictive”（上瘾的），以及D项“inexcusable”（不可原谅的）均与原文表述不一致，故排除。 23.【答案】D 【解析】根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题。根据题干关键信息“Vaish holds that…awareness that.”定位本文的第二段“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking…can serve.”但是这句话是他的观点句，也就是题干信息所在句，本句没有答案，因此，根据线性思维，下文他又继续补充到“adding that this revival is a psychology researcher…in another”（这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分，即情绪不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的情绪在另一个情境中可能是有害的），对比四个选项，只有D项符合。A项情绪与语境无关，与原文表述相反。B项从社会角度讲，情绪具有积极性，文中没有提及。C项情绪稳定有益与身体健康，文中没有提及，故排除。 24.【答案】B 【解析】根据题干可知这是一道人物观点题。根据题干关键词“Malti and others have shown”与“cooperation and sharing”回文定位到第四段第三句“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.”（马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。）对比四个选项，只有B项要么归因于同情，要么归因于内疚，与原文表述一致，故为正确选项。A项可能有助于改正情感缺陷与第四段第二句话“… that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency”（内疚可能会弥补情感缺陷）不符。C项能够带来情感上的满足并未提及。D项可能是冲动行为的结果，与第四段第三句“…which can rein in their nastier impulses”（这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动）因果倒置，故排除。 25.【答案】D 【解析】根据题干要求定位到第五段第二句话“Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.”且位于主句的“transgressions”的前面出现to feel negative emotions，情感属于消极贬义。对比四个选项，D项wrongdoings坏事，不道德的行为，属于贬义词，与其情感色彩一致，故为正确选项。A项teachings教导，属于褒义词。B项discussions讨论，属于中性词。C项restrictions限制；约束，属于中性词，故排除。
Text 2
26.【答案】D 【解析】根据题干信息词定位到首段。第一句引出文章话题“在人类对抗气候变化中，森林给我们带来了一个更为艰巨的挑战。”第二句指出人类正在威胁到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力。第三句“The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forest that emit more carbon than they absorb.”为本段的主题句，指出我们人类所造成的气候变化问题最终会使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳，而不是吸收。即森林可能会威胁气 候和人类的生存。故选择D项“森林可能会变为一个潜在威胁。” 27.【答案】D 【解析】根据题干要求定位到第二段。该段首句中的前半句“there is a way out of this trap”对应题干To maintain forest as valuable “carbon sinks”，后半句提出具体的解决方法“it involves striking a subtle balance”（这需要达到一个微妙的平衡），但并没有说这个平衡是不同植被间的平衡，故不能据此选Cstrike a balance among different plants。紧接着第二句提到要达到这一目的可能需要reducing their (forests’) capacity to absorb carbon now（降低它们（森林）现在吸收碳的能力），由此可知正确答案应为D选项。 28.【答案】B 【解析】细节题做题的技巧是“准确定位和匹配”。根据题干关键词“Forest Carbon Plan”定位至第三段第一句话。题干中问题是“endeavor to”表示“努力做…”对应文章中“double efforts to”，因此答案在这个短语之后即“thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest”，表示的意思是使“森林里部分小树变稀疏，清理部分灌木”，这与选项B“降低森林的密度”一致。因此正确答案选B。 29.【答案】A 【解析】根据题目定位到第五段，题目What is essential to California’s plan中的essential可回文定位，对应原文中的“so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought”的“vital”，其后的“prioritize”对应选项中的handle…first，areas at greatest risk对应选项中的the areas in serious danger，故正确选项为A。 30.【答案】C 【解析】根据题干关键词“attitude”，可确定是态度题。做态度题的核心是把握明显感情色彩的关键词，即可快速得出答案。而在文章的最后一段，往往会出现本文的结论，容易出现感情色彩的关键词。根据最后一段最后一句，“California’s plan, which is …, should serve as a model（California的计划应该能够起到榜样作用）”，model是一个积极色彩的词汇，所以答案选C项supportive（支持的）。 Part B The bar chart above subtly and vividly mirrors a conspicuous inclination that college students from a certain university make different choices after they graduated from the year of 2013 to 2018. From an overall perspective, one can see that taking up an occupation ranks the first among all the categories and next to it are further education and undertaking a business respectively. What is noteworthy is that there was an upward trend in further education from 26.3% in 2013 to 34% in 2018. Indeed, this sort of phenomenon gradually becomes the norm in the contemporary society. Two fundamental factors, in my mind, could account for this thought-provoking change. Primarily, there is no denying that with the quickening development of the society, individuals in mounting numbers who possess strong abilities in scientific research and theoretical study are required. So, it is necessary for humans especially for the young generation to have high academic qualifications and seek further education. The second reason is that some college students are eager to escape their pressures they face after graduation. Considering every aspect of this issue, I, as most of others do, safely draw a conclusion that no matter what choices we make after graduation, the way that is fit for yourself is the best. 历年试题及答案解析内容较多，由于篇幅限制，完整内容请关注【华图考研】微信公众号，回复【历年试题】获取。 (责任编辑：迟) |
