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2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
Directions:Section I Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically __1__ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or __2__. This word “Caravanserais” is a __3__ of the Persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travelers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travelers or pilgrims. From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travelers on the Silk Road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time. Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. __11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations. Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. It is __18__ that around 120000 to 150000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__. 1.[A] displayed [B] occupied [C] located [D] equipped 2.[A] privately [B] regularly [C] respectively [D] permanently 3.[A] definition [B] transition [C] substitution [D] combination 4.[A] classify [B] record [C] describe [D] connect 5.[A] apart from [B] instead of [C] such as [D] along with 6.[A] construction [B] restoration [C] impression [D] evaluation 7.[A] doubted [B] faced [C] accepted [D] reduced 8.[A] assigned [B] subjected [C] accustomed [D] opposed 9.[A] so that [B] even if [C] now that [D] in case 10.[A] talking [B] starting [C] breaking [D] meeting 11.[A] By the way [B] On occasion [C] In comparison [D] As a result 12.[A] heritage [B] revival [C] exchange [D] status 13.[A] with regard to [B] in spite of [C] as well as [D] in line with 14.[A] completing [B] influencing [C] resuming [D] pioneering 15.[A] aided [B] invested [C] failed [D] competed 16.[A] Rather [B] Indeed [C] Otherwise [D] However 17.[A] go in for [B] stand up for [C] close in on [D] stock up on 18.[A] believed [B] predicted [C] recalled [D] implied 19.[A] until [B] because [C] unless [D] although 20.[A] ruins [B] debt [C] fashion [D] series Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasis the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures. Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education，“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.” Such debate reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools. A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere. Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says. Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations. 21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to________. [A] forecast a policy shift in Texas schools [B] stress the consequences of climate change [C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting [D] draw the public's attention to energy shortages 22. What does Quinn think of Hardy? [A] She exaggerates the existing panic. [B] She denies the value of scientific work. [C] She shows no concern for pre-teens. [D] She expresses self-contradictory views. 23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 indicates that _______. [A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools [B] policy makers have little drive for science education [C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks [D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision 24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US _________. [A] call for regular revision [B] require urgent application [C] have limited influence [D] cater to local needs 25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ________. [A] agree to major public demands [B] reflects teachers’ personal bias [C] may misrepresent the energy sector [D] can be swayed by external forces
Text 2
Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals. “We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing, so anytime you’re taking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this, you’re potentially taking supply off the market that’s already incredibly stressed,” said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said. However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, a crucial part of the economies in places like Nantucket, Cape Cod, or the towns that make up New Hampshire’s Seacoast and Lakes Region, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of the Cape Cod & Islands Association of Realtors. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,’’ Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.’’ Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?’’ Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?’’ Horn said. At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. “The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,’’ the Globe reported. Boston took things even further, limiting who is authorized to rent out their home, and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department. Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing. “If we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.” 26. Which of the following is true of New England? [A] Its housing supply is at a very low level. [B] Its communities are in need of funding. [C] Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly. [D] Its home prices are under strict control. 27. The bill mentioned in the Paragraph 2 was intended to_______. [A] curb short-term rental speculation. [B] ensure the supply of cheap housing. [C] punish illegal dealings in housing. [D] allow a free short-term rental market. 28. Compared with Castle, Tailor is more likely to support______. [A] further investment in local tourism. [B] an increase in affordable housing. [C] strict management of real estate agents. [D] a favorable policy for short-term workers. 29. What does Horn emphasize in paragraph 5________. [A] The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities. [B] The efficient operation of the local housing market. [C] The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes. [D] The proper procedures for renting out spare houses. 30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is________. [A] an irrational decision. [B] an unfeasible proposal. [C] an unnecessary measure. [D] an inadequate solution. ......
Part B
52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should 1) describe the picture briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)  2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）解析 Section I Use of English 【解析】空格前They were typically中的they指的是Caravanserais即“商队客店”，本题所在句意是：商队客店通常____城市或村庄的城墙之外。结合选项，A项display意为“陈列；展示”，B项occupy意为“使用；占用”，C项locate意为“坐落于”，D项equip意为“装备；配备”，因此C项更符合语境。 2.【答案】A 【解析】本题所在句意是：商队客店通常由政府或_____资助。空格前funded by government即“政府资助的”，本题要选一个副词，空前的or说明此处的副词应该与前面某个成分构成并列结构，观察前面句子，只有介词短语“by local governments”可与副词构成并列关系，那么此处填入的副词应该修饰动词funded，并与“by local governments 当地政府（出资）”构成语义上的关联。选项中A项privately意为“私有的”，B项regularly意为“规律的”，C项respectively意为“分别”，D项permanently意为“永久的”，只有选项A “privately私人地，个人地（出资）”符合要求，因此为正确选项。 3.【答案】D 【解析】本题所在句意是：“Caravanserais”这个词是波斯语“karvan”（意为一群旅行者或商队）和“seray”（意为宫殿或封闭建筑）的____。解答此题应节后空格后的of the Persian word “karvan”，同时which引导的定语从句是对对karvan这一词解释，即一些列含义的融合，结合选项，A项意为“定义”，B项意为“翻译”，C项意为“代替”，D项意为“结合”，此处D更符合前后文的逻辑关系。 4.【答案】C 【解析】原文提到The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people，且people后的定语从句具体解释了具体怎样的一群人，可知此处是对人群进行描述，四个选项中A项classify意为“分类”，B项record意为“记录”，C项describe“描述”，D项connect意为“连接”，因此C项符合。 5.【答案】C 【解析】这一空是在定语从句中，从句的主语是people，而空格后的merchants，travelers or pilgrims都是people的具体解释，存在包含关系。A项apart from意为“除了”，B项instead of意为“代替”，C项such as意为“例如”，D项along with意为“与……一起”，四个选项中只有C项存在逻辑上的包含关系，因此C项符合。 6.【答案】A 【解析】该题所在句意是：从10世纪开始，随着商业和旅行路线的发展，商队客栈的____也在增加，它们成为人们晚上休息的安全场所。结合空格后的the Caravanserais increased，即商队客店增多，且空格前提到merchant and travel routes become more developed，即商旅路线的完善，后面提到了“as a safe place for people to rest at night” 成为人们晚上休息的安全场所，可知这里指的是商队客店建筑数量增多，选项中A项construction意为“建造”，B项restoration“储存”，C项impression意为“印象”，D项evaluation意为“评估”，结合前后文只有A项符合。 7.【答案】B 【解析】本题所在句意是：丝绸之路上的旅行者_____被小偷袭击的可能性。空格后提到possibility of being attacked，即被袭击的可能性，且主语是商人，结合第6空可知商队客店增多，商人增多，需要面对被袭击的可能，A项double意为“加倍”，B项face意为“面临”，C项accept意为“接受”，D项reduce意为“减少”，此处B项更符合。 8.【答案】B 【解析】结合空格后的to extreme conditions，即“__极限环境”，且此处是与前文的being attacked by thieves存在并列关系的，应表示“遭受极限环境的困扰”的含义，A项assign意为“分配”，B项subject意为“受到……影响”，C项accustom意为“适应”，D项oppose意为“反对”，只有B选项符合。 9.【答案】A 【解析】空格前 Caravanserais were strategically placed意为“商队客店是有策略的选址”，空格后they could be reached in a day’s travel time意为“他们可以在一天的旅行时间内到达”，空格前后内容是表目的的关系，A项so that意为“以至于”，B项even if意为“即使”，C项now that意为“既然”，D项in case意为“以防”，因此只有A项符合对应的逻辑关系。 10.【答案】D 【解析】空格处an informal __10__ point for the various people是作point的定语，而前后文可知Caravanserais是不同商人汇聚的地点，各选项代入空格，选项中A项talking point意为“谈论点”，B项starting point意为“起点”，C项breaking point意为“突破点”，D项meeting point意为“汇聚点”，显然D项符合。 11.【答案】D 【解析】此空位于句首，应能体现前后文的逻辑关系，结合前文商队客店是不同人的汇聚点，空格后提到those structures became important centers即“这些建筑成为重要的中心”，前后文存在明显的因果关系。A项by the way意为“顺便”，B项On occasion意为“偶然”，C项In comparison意为“相比之下”，D项As a result意为“结果”，因此只有D项符合对应的逻辑关系。 12.【答案】C 【解析】空格所在位置culture __12__ and interaction中，and前后应是并列关系，而interaction意为“交流”，因此空格处也应填入能和“交流”并列且类似含义的词，A项heritage意为“遗产”，B项revival意为“复兴”，C项exchange意为“交流；交换”，D项status意为“地位”，因此只有C项符合。 13.【答案】C 【解析】空格前的sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs“分享彼此的文化，观点和信仰”与空格后的talking knowledge with them“交流学识”，二者存在并列关系，四个选项中，A项with regard to“关于”，B项in spite of意为“尽管”，C项as well as意为“以及”，D项in line with意为“与……一致”，只有C项符合对应的逻辑关系。 14.【答案】B 【解析】空格所在位置greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations，是前文所产生的后果，即前文的事件对 the development of several civilizations产生了重大影响，A项complete意为“完成”，B项influence意为“影响”，C项resume意为“重新开始”，D项pioneer意为“先锋”，由此可知B项符合。 15.【答案】A 【解析】空格前后提到an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road，即"一个重要的商品市场，_____丝绸之路上的商品贸易"，且根据前文信息可知Caravanserais是对商品贸易有益的，A项aided意为“有帮助的”，B项invested意为投资的，C项failed意为“失败的”，D项competed意为“完成的”，因此只有A项符合。 16.【答案】B 【解析】空格位于句首，应能体现前后文逻辑关系，空格前文提到“商队客店对思路贸易非常重要且有益”，空格后的信息提到it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares“这里经常是商人们出售商品的第一站”，空格后是对前文的肯定，起到强调的关系，A项Rather意为“相当”，B项Indeed意为“的确”，C项Otherwise意为“否则”，D项However意为“然而”，只有B项符合对应的逻辑关系。 17.【答案】D 【解析】空格所在位置and __17__ supplies for their own journeys，and前后为同等的关系，空格前提到这里是人们出售商品的第一站，空格后的内容“为自己的旅行____物资的第一站”，此处应是指为旅程做准备，A项go in for意为“参加，从事，赞成”，B项stand up for意为“支持；捍卫”，C项close in on意为“包围”，D项stock up on意为“储备”，因此只有D项符合。 18.【答案】A 【解析】空格所处句子It is __18__ that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road，是一个it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是that后的内容，即“沿着丝绸之路建造了约12万至15000个商队客店”，且句子是过去式，可知是已经确定的事物，结合选项，A项believe意为“相信；确信”，B项predict意为“预示”，C项recall意为“回忆”，D项imply意为“暗示”，it is believed…“据说”，因此只有A项符合。 19.【答案】D 【解析】空格所在位置为前后是完整的句子，可知此处应体现前后逻辑关系，空格前是已经确定的信息即建造了约12万至15000个商队客店，空格后only about 3000 are known to remain today“目前已知只有约3000人留存下来”，前后存在转折关系，四个选项中只有D项符合。 20.【答案】A 【解析】空格所在位置many of which are in __20__，是一个定语从句的表语，which指代的是前文提到的caravanserais，且空格前提到相关信息的remain，即建造了很多，保留下来一部分，大部分不存在了。代入选项，A项ruin意为“毁坏”，B项debt意为“债务”，C项fashion意为“时尚”，D项series意为“系列”，因此只有A项符合。 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 【解析】定位第一段。第一段有转折词but，转折词后面是考察重点。用实际的天气气温类比会议中的热烈气氛。所以选C。A原文没有提到政策的转变，无中生有。B原文没提到结果，无中生有。D能源短缺无中生有。 22.【答案】B 【解析】题干关键词人名“Quinn”和“Hardy”定位到第二至三段。题干问Quinn的观点，精确定位到第三段。B选项与原文Quinn说的话“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion”是同义替换。B选项中deny对应原文中dismiss（不考虑，不理会）。 23.【答案】A 【解析】定位第五段。根据题干中关键词“indicate”得知该题为推论题。第五段中根据情感态度指向词barely、worst performers、lowest grade得出，各州公立校的气候教育不是很理想，不够有效，即A选项中的insufficient，故A为正确选项。 24.【答案】C 【解析】根据题干中专有名词“Branch”及关键词“state-level science standards”定位到第六段。根据情感态度指向词only one limited benchmark（基准）、decentralise（使分散）得知该标准影响有限，故选C。干扰项B要求急迫的应用。原文得知该标准已经得到应用，只是有限且分散，故B错误。本题难度较高。 25.【答案】D 【解析】定位第八段。根据题干“implied”可知本题为推论题。第八段首句中由一个even if 引导的让步状从引出，即使大量的官方指南和教科书反应了科学共识，但是（重点在主干，而非从句），非官方的教育资料也被分发给老师。意思是，老师们不仅受到官方资料的影响，也会受到外部的各种非官方资料的影响。故D正确（可能会受到外部力量的影响）。
Text 2
26.【答案】A【解析】根据题干专有名词“New England”定位到文章首段。A选项对应原文第二句中historically low inventory（库存），历史上处于低位的库存，即房源紧张，故A正确。B选项根据原文单词communities进行窜改。C选项，根据第二段首句是与New Hampshire相关，且租赁空房率下降了，而非上涨了，故C错误。D与首段第二句record-high home prices不符，D错误。 27.【答案】D 【解析】定位第二段。bill出现在第二句。bill后面的that从句修饰bill，故重点在that从句。该句提到：如果城镇立法来限制短期租赁，则这种立法行为被认为是非法的。意思是该bill反对城镇通过立法来限制短租，也就是bill不限制短租，而是支持短租，故D“允许自由的短租市场”与该句内容相符。 28.【答案】B 【解析】根据题干中人名“Castle”和“Tailor”定位文章3至4段。题干问的是Tailor的观点，故精准定位到第3段。根据第3段“we are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing”（我们处于租房供应的危急水平），“the market that’s already incredibly stressed”（已经承受了巨大压力的市场）以及“without enough affordable housing...”（如果没有足够的可支付的房源的话……）得知，Tailor希望租房供应足够，希望租房市场压力小一些，希望有足够的可支付的房源。故B项“可支付房源增加”符合原文。A和D选项都是和Castle的观点有关，C选项原文没提到，无依据，属于无中生有。 29.【答案】C 【解析】定位第5段。第五段中，Horn表达了两个观点。根据“individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing”（个人能把他们空置的第二套房子出租是好事）得知，Horn的第一个观点是希望有空置房子的个人能把房子出租。根据“shouldn't a developer...be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”（开发商应该像酒店一样被对待、被征税、被监管。）得知，Horn这个反问句说明他的第二个观点是开发商也应该缴税、被监管。因此C选项“制止开发商逃税的必要性”符合Horn的第二个观点，故C正确。A选项是篡改了原文中的short-term rental facilities。B没有提到有效运用，属于无中生有。D没有提到出租的程序，属于无中生有。 30.【答案】D 【解析】本题第二次考到Horn的观点，根据题文同序的原则，本题定位6-7段。Horn的观点在第7段，故精准定位第7段。根据第7段第一句中的情感态度指向词“benefit”得知Horn认可registration requirements的好处。根据第二句中的转折词however得知，registration requirements不是解决问题的唯一充分方案，真正的方案是“creating more housing”，故D选项“不充分的解决方案”符合原文，D正确。A、B、C都是对registration requirements的全面否定，与原文不符。 ...... 52.【参考范文】 As is vividly portrayed in the cartoon, some young men are rowing dragon boats, and a good many people surround to watch the race. A grandma said happily to a grandpa, “it is wonderful that the dragon boat race in our village is becoming more and more lively.” Evidently, the cartoonist wants to call our attention to the significance of inheriting Chinese traditional culture. In fast-developing China, people are striving so hard to race into the future that the risk that we may gradually forget about our cultural roots emerges. Traditions are supposed to be inherited and advocated from one generation to another. Intangible cultural heritages, like Chinese paper-cutting, shadow plays and kung fu, with tangible cultural heritages, such as the Forbidden City, are not only significant carriers of thousands of years of wisdom and creativity, but part of the Chinese nation’s cultural identity and a great source of national pride. Preserving our cultural heritages will serve to foster unity of Chinese people, and ensure that the sense of identity and pride come to stay. Given the immense value of Chinese traditions, public money should be used to maintain our cultural roots, and the related laws may be made to regulate the society’s performance. Moreover, we should attract more people’s attention to the preservation of Chinese traditional culture, since the more people know about the significance of culture protection, the stronger the support we can get from the public. 历年试题及答案解析内容较多，由于篇幅限制，完整内容请关注【华图考研】微信公众号，回复【历年试题】获取。 (责任编辑：迟) |
