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2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you're the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3__ on finding ways to grow. Let's look at a real-world __4__. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees. Working in the __5__ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently __13__ the premium version to users of the free version. __14__, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent. But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can __15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the __17__ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20__ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner. 1.[A] purchase [B] profit [C] connection [D] bet 2.[A] define [B] predict [C] prioritize [D] appreciate 3.[A] exclusively [B] temporarily [C] potentially [D] initially 4.[A] experiment [B] proposal [C] debate [D] example 5. [A] identical [B] marginal [C] provisional [D] traditional 6. [A] rumor [B] secret [C] myth [D] problem 7. [A] despite [B] unlike [C] through [D] besides 8. [A] moreover [B] however [C] therefore [D] again 9. [A] inspected [B] created [C] expanded [D] reformed 10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal 11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack [D] decrease 12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight 13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting [D] transferring 14. [A] As a result [B] At any rate [C] By the way [D] In a sense 15. [A] unite [B] finance [C] follow [D] choose 16. [A] share [B] identify [C] divide [D] broaden 17. [A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D] accomplishment 18. [A] famous [B] responsible [C] available [D] respectable 19. [A] Before [B] Once [C] While [D] Unless 20. [A] serve [B] limit [C] summarize [D] alter Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut - and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.” The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green wash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures. However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore. However, usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and the people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects. In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”. It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures, such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.” 21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass _______. [A] is harmful to the environment [B] is a hot topic in gardening circles [C] is overpraised in the annual show [D] is ruining the view of west London 22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigner’s _______. [A] disappoint with the RHS [B] resistance to fake grass use [C] anger over the proposed tax [D] concern about real grass supply 23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out _______. [A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass [B] the disadvantages of growing real grass [C] the way to take care of artificial lawns [D] the challenges of insect habitat protection 24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass? [A] Urge legislation to restrict its use. [B] Take measures to guarantee its quality. [C] Remind its users to obey existing rules. [D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives. 25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass _______. [A] is being improved continuously [B] has been a market share decline [C] is becoming increasingly affordable [D] has been a controversial product Text 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling. But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service. Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life. The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks. The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life. The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only＄3billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year. 26. what problem are U.S. national parks faced with? [A] decline of business profits [B] inadequate commercialization [C] lack of transportation services [D] poorly maintained infrastructure 27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______. [A] spoil visitor experience [B] help preserve nature [C] bring operational pressure [D] boost visits to parks 28. According to para 5, most respondents in the survey would_______. [A] go to the national parks on a regular basis. [B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks [C] agree to pay extra for the national parks [D] support the national parks recent reforms 29. The national parks are valuable in that they_______. [A] lead the way in tourism [B] have historical significance [C] sponsor research on climate [D] provide an income for the locals 30. It can be conclude from the text that the national park system_______. [A] is able to cope with staff shortages [B] is able to meet visitors' demands [C] is in need of a new pricing policy [D] is in need of a funding increase ...... Part B Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1) describe and interpret the chart and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 
备注：health literacy 健康素养
2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题解析
1. 【答案】BSection I Use of English 【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析和上下文语义。本题所在句意是：这是当今任何企业家都面临的一个常见场景：你是一家小企业的首席执行官，尽管你赚了很多钱，但你需要找到一种方法让它进入下一个阶段。四个选项意思分别是：A项purchase购买；利润；关联；赌金；B项profit 利润；C项connection联系； D项bet打赌。根据句意，B项profit利润 符合本句的上下文语义。 2. 【答案】C 【解析】本题考察动词词义辨析和上下文语义。本题所在句意是：你需要做的是通过建立一个成长团队来_______发展。四个选项意思分别是：A项define给……下定义；B项predict 预言；C项prioritize优先考虑；D项appreciate欣赏。根据句意，选项C符合本句的上下文语义。 3. 【答案】A 【解析】本题考察副词词义辨析和上下文逻辑。本题所在句意是：成长团队由来自公司不同部门的成员组成，它利用协作的力量专注于寻找成长的方法。四个选项意思分别是：A项exclusively专门地；B项temporarily暂时地；C项potentially可能地；D项initially开始，起初。根据句意，选项A符合本句的上下文语义。 4.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析和上下文语义。本题所在句意是：让我们看一个真实的_______。四个选项意思分别是：A项experiment 实验；B项proposal提议；C项debate讨论；D项example例子。由后文给出的是一个例子，可以判断此处选项D符合本句的上下文语义。 5. 【答案】D 【解析】本题考察形容词词词义辨析和上下文语义。本题要选一个形容词修饰后面的departments of engineering, marketing and product development。由第三段的第一句话“当一位富有创新精神的项目营销经理加入后，情况发生了变化，”可以看出原来的工程、营销和产品开发部门属于传统部门，与具有创新精神的营销经理形成对比，选项意思分别是：A项identical完全相同的；B项marginal微不足道的；C项provisional临时的；D项traditional传统的。根据上下文语义，选型D最符合题意。 6. 【答案】D 【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析和上下文语义。本题要选一个名词，既能承接上文，又能概括下文，上文说“直到2012年，他们的增长进入平稳期。”下文说“____是有太多的客户在使用他们产品的基本免费版本”,可见这里说的是他们的业绩增长进入平稳期的问题所在，因此D. problem为正确选项。A项rumor 谣言；B项secret 秘密；C项myth 神话，三项都不符合上下文语义衔接。 7. 【答案】A 【解析】本题考察上下文逻辑。本题所在句意是：_____高级付费版本有所改进，但是很少有人进行升级。前后是反向对应关系，而四个选项中只有A项despite 表示让步转折逻辑，因此为正确选项。B项unlike 不像……；C项through 通过；D项besides除……之外（还），均不符合前后反向逻辑。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。本段说“当一位富有创新精神的项目营销经理加入后，情况发生了变化”，说明与前文是不同的情况，为反向关系，A项moreover“此外，而且”，B项however“然而”，C项therefore“因此”，D项again“再一次”。而四个选项中只有however表示转折逻辑，因此为正确选项。 9.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项inspected“检查”；B项created“创造”，C项expanded“拓展”，D项reformed“改革”。根据上下文可知，这个公司中的growth team是第一次出现，之前并没有，所以是创立create，其它三个选项inspect检查，expand扩大，reform改革，意味着之前已经有growth team，再根据 an innovative manager 登场以后的并列关系，只有created和 innovative 语义上构成复现，因此选B。 10. 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。本题所在句意思：当一位富有创新精神的项目营销经理加入后，他创建了一个增长团队，并激发了他们所需的____视角。and前后保持并列，因此可以参照前文内容innovative（创新的）和 create（创造）。A项cultural“文化的”，B项objective“客观的”，C项fresh“新鲜的”，D项personal“个人的”。只有fresh有“新”的语义，与前文“innovative＂和“created”形成呼应，可知选项C符合题意。 11. 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。本题所在句意：从市场营销的角度来看工程问题，很明显____升级不是由于质量问题。大多数客户根本不知道高级版本及其提供的功能。根据上一段最后一句 few people were making the upgrade，可知升级的人很少，end“结束”，burden“负担”，lack“缺乏”，decrease“减少”，C选项lack对应few，并没有减少，decrease为干扰项，故选C。 12. 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析和逻辑关系。this指代上文所指内容，上一段末尾it became clear that...，以及最后一句Most people were...问题不是质量问题，而是人们根本不知道premium version，现在知道了问题所在。A项policy政策，B项suggestion建议，C项purpose目的，D项insight洞悉，了解。比较其它选项，insight与上文perspective（观点；视角）形成呼应，近义词复现，在原文最合适。 13. 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析和逻辑关系。本题所在句意：有了这种洞察力，营销和工程团队联合起来，通过突出地向免费版本的用户____付费版本来提高知名度。A项contributing“促进”，B项allocating“分配”，C项promoting“推广”，D项transferring“迁移”。上文提到，问题不在于质量问题，而是消费者的意识问题，所以需要通过将优化的产品促销给消费者来提高意识，选项C符合题意。 14. 【答案】A 【解析】考查词组辨析和逻辑关系。A项As a result “因此”，B项At any rate “不管怎样，无论如何”，C项By the way “顺便说一下，D项In a sense “在某种意义上”。前文提到，通过将优化的产品促销给消费者以提高意识，后文讲到收入增长了92％，前后的逻辑关系顺承因果，选项A符合题意。 15. 【答案】A 【解析】考查词义辨析及上下文关系。此处原文说的是：需要一个人在______一个团队，这个空应该与“领导”相关，而且后文也出现了leader，四个选项中只有A选项unite“团结”能与原文中团队形成合理的动宾搭配。B选项finance为……提供资金，C选项 follow跟随，D选项choose, 代入不符合与上一句的并列关系。 16. 【答案】B 【解析】考查词义辨析及上下文逻辑关系。此处考查的前后文并列关系，后文讲到了 set clear goals and establish a time frame，需要填的是______the target area，根据逻辑，先“确定目标区域”，然后再“设定目标并且建立时间框架”。所以本题答案选择identify。比较选项A项share分享；C项divide分开；D项broaden拓宽；均不符合文意。因此正确答案为B。 17. 【答案】D 【解析】考查句内词义辨析和逻辑关系。根据空格所在句，identify the target area，set clear goals and establish a time frame for the ____of these goals，这三个动词短语形成并列关系，会隐含动作发生的时间先后顺序，并且these goals 指代前面的 clear goals，因此可推出，先 identify the target area（识别目标区域），再 set clear goals （设定清晰目标），最后再 establish a time frame for the of these goals（确定这些目标实现的时间范围）。因此D选项 accomplishment符合语义要求，故为正确答案。A项announcement 声明；B项assessment评估；C项adjustment调整，代入到句子中，搭配不符合文意。因此正确答案为D。 18. 【答案】B 【解析】考查段间逻辑关系和固定搭配。根据空格所在句的逻辑关键词also来看，空格处所在句的内容和上文形成了递进关系。根据上段尾句得知，“领导人需要识别目标区域，设定清晰目标，并且确定目标实现的时间范围”，这是团队领导人的“责任”。因此空格处填入responsible，故B选responsible为正确答案。比较选项A项famous可以与原文构成搭配，但是不符合文意；C项available和D项respectable一般不与原文的for构成搭配，不符合文意。因此正确答案为B。 19. 【答案】C 【解析】考查句内逻辑关系。本题所在句意为：______新想法很有吸引力，可能会让人分心。“新想法很有吸引力”为正向情感，“可能会让人分心”为负向情感。因此可推出主从句之间为对立关系，符合要求的只有while“虽然”，故C选项 While为正确答案。比较选项A项Before在……之前，B项Once 一旦。D项Unless 除非，均不符合文意。因此正确答案为C。 20. 【答案】A 【解析】考查词义辨析。本题所在句意：当这些想法不能____当前目标时，需要把它们放在一边。代入选项serve符合符合文意。对比选项，B项limit限制；C项summarize总结；D项alter调整，均不符合文意。因此正确答案为A。 【参考译文】 这是当今任何企业家都面临的一个常见场景：你是一家小企业的首席执行官，尽管你的收入可观，但你需要找到一种方法让它进入下一个阶段。你需要做的是通过建立一个成长团队来优先发展。成长团队由来自公司不同部门的成员组成，它利用协作的力量专注于寻找增长的方法。 让我们看一个真实的例子。在成立增长团队之前，软件公司BitTorrent有50名员工。在传统的工程、市场和产品开发部门工作。这给他们带来了良好的业绩，直到2012年，他们的增长进入平稳期。问题是有太多的客户在使用他们产品的基本免费版本。尽管高级付费版本有所改进，但很少有人进行升级。 然而，当一位富有创新精神的项目营销经理加入后，情况发生了变化，他创建了一个增长团队，并激发了他们所需的新视角。从市场营销的角度来看工程问题，很明显缺乏升级不是由于质量问题。大多数客户根本不知道高级版本及其提供的功能。 有了这种洞察力，营销和工程团队联合起来，通过突出地向免费版本的用户推广付费版本来提高知名度。其结果是，升级迅速增加，收入增加了92%。 但是为了你的成长，团队的成功，它需要一个强有力的领导者。它需要一个能够团结跨学科团队并保持他们不断改进的人。这个领导者将确定目标领域，设定明确的目标，并为实现这些目标建立一个时间框架。 这种成长型领导者还负责让团队专注于前进，并引导他们远离干扰。虽然新想法很有吸引力，但可能会让人分心，团队领导者必须意识到，当这些想法与当前目标无关时，需要把它们放在一边。
Section II Reading Comprehension
21.【答案】APart A Text 1 【解析】观点细节题。根据RHS，plastic grass可定位至第一段第四句The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity。其之所以引入此禁令，原因是塑料草坪对环境和生物多样性造成的破坏，故而此题选A项。 22.【答案】B 【解析】例证题。根据The petitions，Paragraph 3，campaigners”定位在第三段第三句，由该段首句The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes。可知这些活动家们是想要去呼吁抵制塑料草坪的使用；从例子本身来看，这两个petitions旨在号召a ban on the sale of plastic grass和 an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns，即禁止塑料草坪的销售和对塑料草制作的草坪征收环境污染税。故而此题选B项。 23.【答案】B 【解析】事实细节题。根据supporters of fake grass回文定位在第四段第一句However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol。这句话的中心在there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns，即人工草坪的支持者们认为天然草坪也存在环境问题。故而此题选B项。 24.【答案】C 【解析】事实细节题。根据government 和 artificial grass定位在第五段段尾及第六段第二句However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage。塑料草坪的使用务必需要符合现存法律和政策要求。对比四个选项，此题选C项。 25.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。由于推理范围是全文，故先从全文中心着手。文章前三段都在论述对塑料草坪的反对和抵制，第四段段首则非常鲜明地摆出来塑料草坪支持者的观点，第五段第六段则重点探究的是政府对塑料草的态度：no plans to ban the use of artificial grass。纵观全文，假草坪的使用具有很大争议，尚无定论。故而此题选D项。 Text 226.【答案】D Poorly maintained infrastructure【解析】事实细节题。根据problem, U.S. national parks定位在第一段和第二段，第二段段首为转折，表示作者强调的内容，随后举例明确指出作者认为美国国家公园面临的危机是a maintenance backlog。故此题选D Poorly maintained infrastructure。 27.【答案】A spoil visitor experience 【解析】因果细节题。根据increased privatization of the campgrounds定位在第三和第四段，第四段首句increased privatization would undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year暗含因果逻辑，说明了扩大私有化会削弱使得如此多游客来此观光的理由，也就是说会破坏游客体验，使得游客减少。故此题选A spoil visitor experience。 28.【答案】C agree to pay extra for the national parks 【解析】事实细节题。根据Paragraph 5，most respondents to the survey定位在第五段最后一句，Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks，他们愿意多缴税，从而交换未来10 年国家层面对国家公园的持续投入。故而此题选C agree to pay extra for the national parks。 29.【答案】B have historical significance 【解析】因果细节题。根据the National Parks, valuable定位至第六段，通段都是在讲其价值，总而来说涉及places to escape，symbols of nature，educational programs，positive impact on the climate，contribution to our cultural and artistic life through tourism，help keep America’s past alive，protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life。对比选项，只有B have historical significance 能与之符合，故此题选B have historical significance 。 30.【答案】D is in need of funding increase 【解析】主旨题。由于题干中有conclude和national park system等关键词，所以可优先从最后一段中寻找答案，初步定位至第二句Congress allocates only＄3 billion a year to the national park system—an amount that has been flat since 2001，结合第26、28题的内容，可以得出结论：美国国家公园系统需要增加资金投入。故而此题选D is in need of funding increase。 ...... Part B Starkly portrayed in this chart is the general trend concerning the citizens’ levels of health literacy in China from 2012 to 2021. Specifically speaking, a moderate increase in the percentage of those with a high health literacy level occurred from 8.8% to 10.25% between 2012 and 2015， while the time span from 2015 to 2021 witnessed a dramatic push-up, ascending sharply to 25.4%. What made this happen? Personally, it is my belief that at least three reasons could account for such a situation. On the top of the list is that our government has released increasing number of preferential policies to help improve the living environments of the population especially those in rural areas. Additionally, there is another point that no one can ignore: the advance of technology ensures an easier access to health information for all residents, which makes it possible for even an average man know how to live more happily and healthily. Furthermore, thanks to the mass media, people are now increasingly aware of the significance of medical science and a relatively scientific attitude towards healthcare is common among us. All in all, with into consideration the fact that its shaping factors are so deeply rooted, there is every reason to believe that such a tendency shall continue. From where I stand, we cannot be superficially satisfied with the optimistic figure of this issue, but should endeavor to guarantee a promising future. 历年试题及答案解析内容较多，由于篇幅限制，完整内容请关注【华图考研】微信公众号，回复【历年试题】获取。 (责任编辑：迟) |
